Eye care professionals have several options to help athletes see their sport better. Recent placebo-controlled research has demonstrated that the carotenoids lutein L and zeaxanthin Z can improve visual performance factors in healthy eyes. The history, mechanisms of action, as well as their effects and potential benefits as shown in well-controlled trials will be discussed. Recommendations for athletes with regard to modifications of diet to increase intake of carotenoids, or supplementation with purified forms of L and Z are discussed.